Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, µg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill kinetics assay of auranofin and linezolid against stationary phase vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium NR-31909. Bacteria were incubated with test agents, and samples were collected at 0,12- and 24-h incubation period. The error bars represent standard deviation values obtained from triplicate samples used for each agent studied. (*) represents significant difference from 0 time. # represents significant difference from linezolid (*, # P < 0.05). Data were analyzed with two way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnet’s test.

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Bacteria, Incubation, Standard Deviation

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Total protease inhibition activity of auranofin and linezolid against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium NR-31909. Data are presented as percent protease production of each drug (tested in sexruplicate). TSB with skim milk served as a negative control. Data were analyzed via unpaired Student t test (p<0.05). Auranofin was compared to untreated (*) and to linezolid (#).

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Negative Control

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lipase inhibition activity of auranofin and linezolid against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium NR-31909. Data are presented as percent lipase production in presence of each drug (tested in sexruplicate). TSB with egg yolk emulsion served as a negative control. Data were analyzed via unpaired Student t test (p<0.05). Auranofin was compared to untreated (*) and to linezolid (#).

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Emulsion, Negative Control

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo antibacterial activity of auranofin against E. faecium NR-31909 in the murine septicemia model when administered (A) Orally at 0.125 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg; and (B) Subcutaneously (S.C.) at 0.0625 mg/kg, 0.125 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg compared to the vehicle control and the standard antibiotic linezolid given orally at 20 mg/kg. Mice survival was monitored for 5 days. Results were analyzed for statistical difference utilizing graphpad prism. (*) Denotes significant difference between each treated group and the untreated group (P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Virus Research

Article Title: The role of the DE and EF loop of BKPyV VP1 in the serological cross-reactivity between subtypes

doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the pre-characterized blood and urine samples from KTx patients.

Article Snippet: Plasmid (plaw/BKV-D VP1, kind gift from Christopher Buck) coding structural VP1 of BKPyV-I subtype (GenBank accession number 6GG0_1), further addressed as pBKPyV-I-VP1, and plasmid (pwB, Addgene) coding VP1 of BKPyV-IV subtype (GenBank accession number BAG84476), addressed as pBKPyV-IV-VP1, were used in this study. pBKPyV-IV-VP1 was constructed from pwB2b. pwB2b ( ) was a gift from Christopher Buck (Addgene plasmid # 32,094).

Techniques: